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pharaonic history

Books number: 95

Ancient Egypt is an ancient civilization in northeastern Africa. The ancient Egyptian civilization (1) was centered on the banks of the Nile River in what is now known as the Arab Republic of Egypt. Egyptian civilization began around the year 3150 BC. When King Menes (Narmer) united southern and northern Egypt together, it developed over the next three millennia. It historically comprised a series of politically stable kingdoms, interspersed with periods of relative instability called intermediate periods. Ancient Egypt reached the height of its civilization in the era of the New Kingdom, after which the country entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was attacked in that period by many foreign powers, and the rule of the ancient Egyptians officially ended when the Roman Empire invaded Egypt and made it one of its provinces. The ancient Egyptian civilization succeeded in the Nile River Valley, where it had all the ingredients for agriculture, including fertile soil, water, and a temperate climate. Forecasting floods and controlling their damage helped produce abundant agricultural crops that contributed to social and cultural development. With the availability of the necessary materials, the authorities extracted a lot of minerals found in the valley and the surrounding desert areas, wrote and developed an independent writing system in them, and organized collective construction and agricultural projects, in addition to trade with the surrounding areas of Egypt, and strengthening the military forces for military defense was necessary to resist the enemies of the outside, and confirm The domination of the Pharaonic families over the country. These activities were organized and stimulated by an elite group of bureaucrats, religious leaders and administrators under the control of the ruler of Egypt who was keen on cooperation and unity among Egyptians, in the context of a tight system of religious beliefs. The achievements of the ancient Egyptians included the exploitation of quarries, surveying and building techniques that facilitated the construction of huge pyramids, temples, and obelisks, as well as a practical and effective system of mathematics in medicine. Irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, the first known ships, Egyptian faience and glass painting technology, new forms of literature, and the first known peace treaty. Ancient Egypt left a lasting legacy for all of humanity, and the ancient Greeks took a lot from it, followed by the Romans. The Egyptian civilization, art and architecture were copied and imitated on a large scale in the world, and its effects were transferred to far parts of the world. The ruins and remains inspired the imagination of travelers and writers for centuries, and discoveries at the beginning of the modern era about Egyptian antiquities and excavations led to scientific research of the Egyptian civilization that was manifested in a science called Egyptology, and more appreciation for its cultural heritage in Egypt and the world.
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Cover of Early Dynastic Egypt by Toby Wilkinson

Early Dynastic Egypt

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Toby Wilkinson

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Cover of The Egyptian World by Toby Wilkinson

The Egyptian World

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Toby Wilkinson

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Cover of Akhenaten: The Heretic King by Donald Redford

Akhenaten: The Heretic King

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Donald Redford

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Cover of Mummies of the Pharaohs by Maurice Buckeye

Mummies of the Pharaohs

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Maurice Buckeye

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Cover of Ancient Egyptian Technology and Innovation by Ian Shaw

Ancient Egyptian Technology and Innovation

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Ian Shaw

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Cover of Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times by Donald Redford

Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times

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Donald Redford

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Cover of Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt by Toby Wilkinson

Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt

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Toby Wilkinson

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Cover of Monarchs of the Nile by Aidan Dodson

Monarchs of the Nile

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Aidan Dodson

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Cover of City of the Ram-Man: The Story of Ancient Mendes by Donald Redford

City of the Ram-Man: The Story of Ancient Mendes

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Donald Redford

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Cover of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt: G-O ( vol 2 ) by Donald Redford

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt: G-O ( vol 2 )

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Donald Redford

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Cover of The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III by Donald Redford

The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III

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Donald Redford

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Cover of From Atlantis to the Sphinx by Colin Wilson

From Atlantis to the Sphinx

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Colin Wilson

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Cover of Afterglow of empire: Egypt from the fall of the new kingdom to the Saite Renaissance by Aidan Dodson

Afterglow of empire: Egypt from the fall of the new kingdom to the Saite Renaissance

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Aidan Dodson

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Cover of Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation by Aidan Dodson

Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation

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Aidan Dodson

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Cover of Lives of the Ancient Egyptians by Toby Wilkinson

Lives of the Ancient Egyptians

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Toby Wilkinson

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Cover of From Slave to Pharaoh: The Black Experience of Ancient Egypt by Donald Redford

From Slave to Pharaoh: The Black Experience of Ancient Egypt

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Donald Redford

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Cover of A World Beneath the Sands: The Golden Age of Egyptology by Toby Wilkinson

A World Beneath the Sands: The Golden Age of Egyptology

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Toby Wilkinson

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Cover of Ages in Chaos: A reconstruction of ancient history from the Exodus to King Akhnaton by Immanuel Velikovsky

Ages in Chaos: A reconstruction of ancient history from the Exodus to King Akhnaton

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Immanuel Velikovsky

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Cover of The Hieroglyphs of Ancient Egypt by Aidan Dodson

The Hieroglyphs of Ancient Egypt

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Aidan Dodson

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Cover of Symbol & Magic in Egyptian Art by Richard Wilkinson

Symbol & Magic in Egyptian Art

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Richard Wilkinson

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