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(December 27, 1921 - October 31, 2009), Egyptian philosopher, physician, and writer. He is Mustafa Kamal Mahmoud Hussein Al Mahfouz, from the nobles, and his lineage ends with Ali Zain al-Abidin. His father died in 1939 after years of paralysis. He studied medicine and graduated in 1953, specializing in chest diseases, but devoted himself to writing and research in 1960. He married in 1961 and the marriage ended in divorce in 1973. He had two sons, Amal and Adham. He remarried in 1983 to Mrs. Zainab Hamdi, and this marriage also ended in divorce in 1987. He has authored 89 books, including scientific, religious, philosophical, social and political books, in addition to tales, plays and travel stories. His style is characterized by gravity, depth and simplicity. Dr. Mustafa Mahmoud presented more than 400 episodes of his famous TV program (Science and Faith), and in 1979 he established his mosque in Cairo known as "Mostafa Mahmoud Mosque". It has three medical centers concerned with the treatment of people with limited income, and many of the people of Egypt go to it due to its medical reputation, and it has formed convoys of mercy from sixteen doctors. The center includes four astronomical observatories, and a geology museum, on which specialized professors are based. The museum includes a group of granite rocks, mummified butterflies in various shapes and some marine creatures. The correct name of the mosque is "Mahmoud" and he named it after his father.