آراء أهل المدينة الفاضلة ومضاداتها

Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi: A Turkish Muslim philosopher, famous for his combination of logic, politics, and ethics. He was nicknamed “The Second Teacher” and had a great influence on the great later Muslim philosophers such as Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd. Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Uzlag ibn Tarkhan al-Turki al-Farabi was born in 260 AH/874 AD in Farab, a city in Khorasan (present-day Iran), and his father was a commander in the army. Al-Farabi moved from his city to Baghdad, and there he devoted himself to learning the Arabic language until he mastered it. He was also allowed to study music, complete his studies in languages, medicine, science and mathematics. He met famous Arab sages such as “Abu Bishr” and took from them. A study of ancient and modern times, especially what abounded in the writings of Aristotle's "first teacher", to which al-Farabi paid great attention to study, explanation and analysis. Al-Farabi wrote most of his books in Baghdad, then moved to the Levant, Egypt, and returned to Damascus again, where Saif al-Dawla al-Hamdani approached him, and included him in his council, which was the complex of virtues in all knowledge. But that position did not promise him money and wealth; He was one of the most ascetic of people, and he was not concerned with worldly gains. He remained in that state, detached from education and writing until his death in Damascus in the year 393 AH / 950 AD at the age of eighty years. This, and only forty of Al-Farabi’s numerous books have reached us, of which thirty-two are in Arabic, six have been translated into Hebrew, and two have been translated into Latin. Perhaps one of his most famous books are “The Opinions of the People of the Virtuous City,” “The Great Music,” and “The Great Music.” Statistics of science and definition of its purposes.